Two salvoes straddle, Part 1

As the Great War of 1914-1918 opened, indirect artillery fire was just beginning to come into its own as a weapons system.  In the previous decade or so of technological development, many nations had devoted considerable attention to the improvement of explosives, propellents and fuzes. Advancements in steel-making enabled the creation of both larger-caliber and more portable guns. And modern industrial production methods allowed many nations to field truly vast numbers of artillery pieces supplied with large amounts of munitions.

Little wonder then that artillery plays an important role in two recent wargames that cover tactical combat in the Great War: Infantry Attacks, published by Avalanche Press, and Through Mud and Blood, the third installment of the In The Trenches series published by Jeux Grenier Games.

The games operate at different scales, so it’s no surprise that each treats artillery differently. They’re also set during different periods of the war. Infantry Attacks: August 1914 (as the title implies) focuses on the earliest stage of the Great War, specifically on the opening battles of the war in the East. Through Mud and Blood presents a number of ‘firefight’ scale actions set in various theaters and during different periods — although primarily the later war.

What is surprising, to me at least, is that neither game seems to get artillery quite ‘right’. In both cases I think I see what the designers are trying to do. Unfortunately, both seem to fall a bit short of the mark.

[As a brief caveat, please note that I claim to be neither a professional historian nor a trained historical researcher. I am, however, the grandson of a World War I infantryman and I've widely read and studied the subject for close to 40 years. In my distant and misspent youth I was privileged to sit many hours listening to my grandfather talk about his service in The Great War. Not that that gives me any extraordinary insight into the techncial aspects of artillery, but it did spark in me a beyond-ordinary interest in All Things Great War.]

Infantry Attacks presents artillery as a completely inflexible combat arm. Off-board artillery (my main focus here) is allocated in discrete firing concentrations of bombardment strength points that represent batteries/battalions of various calibers. Each player then lists his available concentrations on a roster sheet and then proceeds to make a turn-by-turn plot of the hexes each concentration will target. Artillery affects only the hex it impacts. ‘Friendly fire’ casualties are possible if friendly forces are adjacent to the impact hex, and there is also a minimalist scatter routine (as in the PanzerGrenadier series).

A player can cancel the fire plot for a given concentration at any time — but once a fire plot is cancelled, that particular artillery concentration can’t fire for the rest of the scenario. On-map artillery batteries can fire at whatever they can spot, and they can also move. But once they’ve moved, they can’t fire for the rest of the scenario, either.

I think I understand the goal of the mechanism. Artillery wasn’t very flexible in 1914, and there were frequent instances of fires shifting to the wrong places at the wrong times or not shifting at all. The mechanism in Infantry Attacks encourages careful planning (especially on the attack) and a scrupulous adherence to the pre-planned schedule.

Historically, even in 1914, artillery wasn’t completely inflexible. Most nations made some sort of attempt to put  tools in the hands of the infantry that they could use to communicate with the artillery. Sometimes communications worked in a limited fashion; often it did not work at all. The relationship between infantry and their artillery in 1914 wasn’t exactly a happy one.

For the wargamer, the question is whether or not Infantry Attacks’ fire plotting mechanism is an acceptable trade-off between process and effect. A system that used a couple of tables and a few dice rolls to attempt communications might have a better ‘feel’ to it – but such a system would need to include target reference points and possible pre-plotted fires for each concentration. ‘Real life’ artillery fire planning can be pretty complicated. So would the results, essentially, be the same — only for a lot more work and dice-rolling? And would such a mechanism increase the complexity of the rules?

I’ve only managed to get in a few plays of Infantry Attacks since its arrival here in the swamp. While the artillery mechanism feels very limiting and is at time frustrating to deal with, it occurs to me that the strict limits on how artillery can respond to the changing battlefield is one of the fundamental differences between Infantry Attacks and its parent system, PanzerGrenadier.

The games use the same core game mechanisms to simulate two very different types of warfare. At first encounter, I think a lot of players probably wonder how the same system can accommodate both ‘set piece’ infantry warfare and World War II’s mobile warfare. It occurs to me that one of the key differences lies with the artillery.

Since this subject is running a bit long, I’ll pick up the tale of the “In The Trenches” system in my next blog post.

The Great War on the Big Table

Before I dive into a wargamer’s look at artillery in World War One (as mentioned in my previous post), I figured it probably would be a good idea if I first delivered quick looks at the two games I’ll be waving around during the discussion.

Infantry Attacks: August 1914

Infantry Attacks: August 1914

First to arrive — some weeks ago now — was August 1914: Battles for East Prussia, which is the initial offering in the new Infantry Attacks series from Avalanche Press.

The Infantry Attacks rules are close relatives of APL’s PanzerGrenadier series rules. The game scales are the same with 200-meter hexes and 15-minute turns. However, the combat units in the two series represent different sized formations; in PanzerGrenadier a typical unit is a platoon, while in Infantry Attacks most units are company-sized. Infantry Attacks devotes substantial additional “rule-age” to artillery fire and artillery ammunition (among other things), which balloons the series rules to a hefty 35 pages (compared to PG’s slim 16 pages of rules).

That said, the two series share many core mechanisms. If I had to venture a guess, I’d say most PanzerGrenadier players will be up and running with Infantry Attacks in fairly short order. Otherwise the rules aren’t as complex as you might expect from 35 pages, although I would recommend that total noobs to the series take a look at the “Infantry Attacks in Five Minutes” download on the APL website.

The game’s physical package is in line with the latest of APL’s releases in the PG series. The six cardstock maps, produced by a new artist, are another small advance for a publisher that has occasionally struggled with map art in the past. The counters are very attractive and clean (as usual) and charts and tables are printed on the familiar tan cardstock. My overall impression is that it’s an attractive, clean and very functional graphic presentation.

A more recent arrival is Through Mud and Blood, the third game of the In The Trenches tactical series from Jeux Grenier Games.

Through Mud and Blood

Through Mud and Blood

The first two games in the series were, more or less, “super-DTP” productions that featured pre-mounted, cut-em-out countersheets. I skipped the first game in the series (“Opening Engagements”), mostly because I found the mixed bag of scenario topics less than compelling. The second game (“The Lost Generation”) piqued my interest, however, and I’ve played it a number of times.

The game scale for In The Trenches is 100-meter hexes and five-minute turns, with most pieces representing platoon-sized units. While the game’s command system rewards players for operating their troops in company-sized formations, In The Trenches is very much more of a “firefight” scale game than it is a “battle” game like Infantry Attacks.

Unlike its two predecessors in the series, Through Mud and Blood comes with professionally-printed, mounted and die-cut counters. For gamers who wrestle DTP counters with rhomboidal cuts and slipping X-acto knives, this is a definite step up. As with all of the Grenier-published games I’ve played, the counter artwork is very crisp and functional. The production quality of the countersheet overall is excellent — better in many aspects than the counter work produced by some of the much larger players in the market.

The maps? Well. Aaa. Mmm. These are truly a mixed bag for me. Previous games in the series have featured 12 x 18 inch maps printed on a heavy, glossy stock. TMB’s maps are essentially half that size, checking in at 8.5 x 11 inches. They’re printed on the same glossy stock as earlier maps. The graphic style is also similar to the earlier games — clear and functional, if not particularly inspired — with the exception of the “Hill 06″ map that uses a color palette that’s very dark indeed. On parts of the “Hill 06″ map, in fact, the black-lined hexgrid all but disappears into the map’s dark colors.

For those of you who are unfamiliar with the series, the mapboards in the ITT series are not geomorphic — they are all historical bits of battlefield from the Great War. So in general, the actions represented in Through Mud and Blood are much smaller firefights than those found in earlier games of the series. After some of the heavy-duty actions in the series’ second volume, this is a little bit of a let-down.  I imagine it does, however, make this a very good game for introducing new players to the ITT rules.

Gaming the familiar unknown

Most wargamers are at least casual consumers of military history. An interest in some or another item along the rich, lengthy timeline of mankind’s most rigorously embraced and universal pasttime (i.e. finding clever ways, and even cleverer excuses, for blasting each other to bloody flinders) is typically what initially draws us in to our little corner of the gaming universe.

Whoa. Wait a second. I’m not trying to get philosophical here. What I’m heading toward is this: We’re all generally familiar with the ‘received imagery’ that characterizes past conflicts. But with the exception of a few of our most recent wars — fought since the introduction of film photography and serious, clinical methods of record-keeping — many of us (myself included) have a limited understanding of how elements found in many of our wargames ‘really’ worked in battle.

Napoleonic skirmishers, for example. Wargames that try to portray them nearly always screw something up. I’m not exactly sure how a skirmish line worked on the battlefield. I’m not that sure which armies used them (and when), how their usage changed from the 1790s through 1815, how many played a role in any given battle nor even (just being honest) what they REALLY did. But I’m pretty sure that the treatment they get in many wargames doesn’t quite square with history.

A British 60-pounder in action during the Great War.

A British 60-pounder in action during the Great War.

Another iconic element that wargames (and wargamers) seem to struggle with is indirect artillery fire. I guess in this case I’m looking primarily at tactical and grand tactical wargames. It’s a vexing subject.

Given that a lot of gamers (and some game designers) have first-hand familiarity with the processes and effects of modern-day “off-board artillery” I think it’s interesting that so few games come even remotely close to getting it right.

Sometimes I think that designers trip themselves up when they convince themselves that their game is incomplete without some sort of detailed treatement of artillery. Games set at the ‘man level’ — like SPI’s old Sniper and Patrol games — should have skipped it entirely. In Patrol, at 5 meters per hex, the blast radius of a super-heavy artillery round covered nearly an entire geomorphic map sheet (usually about one-sixth of the map). It’s nuts to even attempt to ‘game’ something like that — you’re not calling 8-inch artillery onto the bad guys when you’re close enough to throw rocks at them.

In cases like that (and there are others) a designer just needs to admit his game is set after Arty has done its work and move on from there.

The time scale of the call-for-fire process screws up a lot of game designs. Even well-regarded ‘technical’ games like ASL and ATS struggle with it, principally because of issues with turn scale, time compression and predictability. A more chaotic process gives artillery a better ‘feel’ in the Combat Commander series of game. Still,  in all three games we’re really dealing with artillery being commonly used well inside the “danger close” engagement zones that battery commanders rarely approved.

Platoon-level games usually get closer to the mark. Their longer time scales and larger hex scales are much easier to square with a real-world call-for-fire process. First-generation games like PanzerBlitz and its various offspring struggled with implementing artillery terminal effects on different target types (armored vs unarmored), but elements like call cycle timing and engagement ranges always seemed more appropriate.

Keeping all of that in mind, it’s time for me to steer back onto my original theme: Gaming elements of warfare that seem familiar because of our passing acquaintance with history, but about which we have limited first-hand technical knowledge.

Just a camporee with cannons...

Just a camporee with cannons...

The popular history of World War One is clogged with the imagery of slaughter on an industrial scale. Machineguns mowing down rows of advancing infantry, massive artillery barrages burying entire trenches packed with grunts, gas rolling across the battlefield like a silent wave of horror. Particulary because of the general stalemate in the West from 1915-1917, the Great War has received scant attention as a topic for tactical gaming.

Tactical reality for the grunts of World War One, however, was far from a static, wait-to-die affair. Although the battlefield was indeed dominated by then-modern methods of technological slaughter there was still plenty for an infantryman to do.

A couple of fairly recent games add substantially to the Great War’s tactical wargaming library. In The Trenches is a series from Grenier Games — the third volume is shipping now — set at the platoon level with a hex scale of 100 meters and 5 minute turns. Infantry Attacks is a PanzerGrenadier spin-off from Avalanche Press that tackles things at the company level, with 200-meter hexes and 15-minute turns.

The games take distinctly different approaches to the topic of indirect artillery fire. Artillery was undeniably one of the dominating factors on the World War One battlefield, which means in both cases the artillery mechanisms are crucial components of the game designs.

In my next blog post (or two, maybe), I’ll be taking a more detailed,  side-by-side look at these two games. Tune in next time for my take on where these games work, where they don’t and how they address some of the foggier aspects  of history surrounding the world’s first truly industrial war.

Wrapping up Horus Heresy

After a number of weeks here on the Big Table, I think it’s about time to wrap up my thoughts on the subject of the new Horus Heresy. It’s not quite time for the game to go back in the box, but at least it’s time for other games to start to get a little bit of face time on my cyberpages here.

All things considered, I’ve found the game very enjoyable. No game is perfect — as I’ve mentioned before — and Horus Heresy has a few pesky flaws, but really not that much to right home about.

In addition to the few items I’ve pointed out in previous posts, I’ve discovered one other minor aggravation. For me, at least, it’s something that does slow down game play a little bit. I’m wondering, would it have killed the presentation of the game if Fantasy Flight had managed to get a NAME somewhere on those stand-up figures of the ten Heroes?

Angron is a bit unhappy after routing off the spaceport.

Angron is a bit unhappy after routing off the spaceport.

Perhaps at full size it’s easy to tell all of the heroes apart. But at ‘normal gaming distance’ under ‘normal gaming light’, sometimes I find it a real PITA to figure out just who might be who. Yes, yes: I know there’s a little color-coded section beneath the portrait that matches the color scheme on the little “legion indicators” — but that’s starting to get into squinty-eyed territory for me when I might be 5 or 6 feet away from the little 2-inch images.

It’s a problem that likely evaporates after you’ve played the game 10 times (I’m not that far along), but in the meantime it IS a wrestling match for me. Heroes are generally always accompanied by units (such as Space Marines) that should help identify them, but sometimes I think graphic designers for games need to take a hint from their compadres in web design and follow the simple mantra of usability: Don’t make me think.

At any rate, again, not a gut-buster by any stretch of the imagination. Just another little weed that needs to get whacked out of the garden.

So. I suppose a few hard-won observations about game play would be in order at this point.

When the game is setup for the first time and the players step back to take a look at their opponent’s stockpile, there are usually a few moments when the Imperial player may despair and the Chaos player may allow himself a little chuckle. There are a LOT of Chaos units in that stockpile. Not so much for the Imperial player.

Chaos has to land more guys than this.

Chaos has to land more guys than this.

But here’s the trick: Those units are all in the Chaos STOCKPILE. They are NOT on the game board. The challenge for the Chaos player is to get as much of that large force into the game as quickly as possible. The slower the buildup, the more chance an aggressive Imperial player has to defeat arriving forces in detail.

Here’s another common-sense tidbit: The earlier Chaos units land, the more actions they can take before the game is over. Yeah, I know that sounds rock simple stupid, but it’s a point that’s easy to overlook. All of those little circles on the Initiative Track can play mind-tricks. The game is deceptively short. There are only five Refresh phases in the game. That means units in the game will be able to activate a maximum of six times in the course of a game.

Most Chaos units will expend one of those activations just to get onto the map. So there is a built-in “delay” of sorts before they can join in all of the shootin’.  Chaos units that don’t land until after the first Refresh are even more limited — they will essentially miss a third of the game before they can do much of anything. Ouch.

The other day in my post about combat, I wrote a little bit about Rout. When a unit retreats out of combat, the area it retreats into is marked with a “Routed Activation” marker. Rout pretty much puts a unit out of the fight for two Refresh phases. Because of their overall numerical advantage, very often Chaos players may want to “fight to the death” when things swing against them in hopes of taking down a few Imperial units as they go.

For the Imperial player, the situation is nearly the exact opposite. Imperial forces don’t receive a lot of reinforcements as the game rolls on, so they can’t afford to get stuck into drawn out, bloody battles. They should rarely attack without a clear advantage in Total Combat Rank — primarily because they need to expend a good number of cards for their “shields” to soak off battle damage. Chaos can afford to burn a few combat steps in nearly every battle; the Imperial forces cannot.

As a caveat, I’ll note that games can run long — especially if either player has a tendency to over-analyze things. Large battles where each side may have 15-18 Combat Cards in hand might take 5 or 10 minutes to play out if somebody decides to engage in too much head-scratching. Ten minutes times lots of battles can add up pretty fast.

That said, I think both the card-based Orders mechanism and the card-based Combat resolution really serve to make Horus Heresy a very interesting and fresh ‘feeling’ wargame.

Plus, the little figures are pretty cool.

No dice! Combat in Horus Heresy

As I’ve mentioned in previous posts, there are no dice to be found anywhere in Horus Heresy. There is no CRT, no modifiers, no table look-ups. Combat is resolved entirely through card play.

Today I’ll take a closer look at how that works. But first, a few bits of nomenclature:

Combat rank: Each combat unit in Horus Heresy is mounted on a base. The base has a number of ‘points’ on it that indicate the unit’s combat rank. Subtract any damage points indicated by a damage marker to calculate the unit’s current Combat Rank. In combat, you will draw a number of combat cards equal to the total combat rank of your units involved.

Heroes: These are the ‘special characters’ in the game — 5 on each side — who are the larger-than-life figures involved in the titanic struggle. Having a Hero present in a combat allows you to draw 2 of the special “Hero combat cards” to your hand in addition to the number of ‘regular’ cards allowed by your total combat rank.

Damage value: A number found in the upper-left corner of a combat card that indicates the amount of ‘normal’ damage it inflicts in combat.

Shields: Shield symbols are displayed in the left-hand column of most combat cards. They indicate the amount of ‘normal’ damage the card can block. Shields can also be expended to block combat card special effects.

Special effects details

Special effects details

Special effects: Combat cards also display text instructions that indicate possible special effects they may trigger when played by the active player. Special effects may require the presence of specific unit types in the combat before they can be triggered.

On to the nitty-gritty. Combat is played out in a series of “iterations” where players alternate taking the role of Active Player. The number of iterations in a combat is stated on the Order card that initiates the combat. Co-existence battles, which are triggered during change of initiative, last up to 8 iterations.

The Defender in the combat (i.e. the player who did NOT initiate the combat with an Order) decides which player is Active in the first iteratation. This is an important advantage because the number of combat cards that the active player can play is limited to the sequence number of the iteration. In plainer English: In the first iteration the active player can play 1 combat card; in the second iteration the active player can play 2 combat cards. And so on – up to 8 iterations.

In an iteration, the Active player plays a number of cards up to the iteration limit. These cards both deal ‘normal’ damage AND produce special effects (usually). The Passive player may counter by playing cards for their ‘shields’ to either block normal damage or cancel special effects.

The card-play limits and player sequencing mean that before the first combat card hits the table, big decisions are already underway. It’s a straightforward concept, but there’s a lot of that “wheels within wheels” stuff to consider. Do you have 1 or 2 high-damage cards that could deal an early knock-out? Or maybe you’re out-numbered but have a deadly special effect you want to play before scuttling away in a retreat?

There are a huge number of possible variations in most combats — anything with more than 7 or 8 cards per side can get really wild. After the second iteration, large amounts of normal damage can hit the table. Special Effects can also screw up the best-made plans, particularly the effects that cause a portion of the enemy force to rout out of the battle.

Any time after the first iteration of a battle, the active player can elect to retreat from combat rather than lay down combat cards. This is the standard survival technique for vastly out-numered forces. The only problem is that when a force retreats from combat, it’s marked with a Routed Activation marker. Unless some extraordinary circumstance intervenes, routed forces are out of action for a long time.

Units in areas marked Routed can’t be ordered to do anything. They can defend normally, but otherwise they’re of little use until two Referesh phases have passed. On the first Refresh, their routed marker is flipped to Activated. On the second Refresh, the Activated marker is removed and they can be ordered normally.

There are only five Refresh phases in the game, so you can see how this might gum things up a bit. In later stages of the game it’s not uncommon for players to elect to go down swinging rather than Rout their forces out of action for the rest of the game.

Horus Heresy: Chaos is in the details

Well… that’s catchy. Cheap, maybe, but I certainly can’t write “The devil is in the details” when a game is set in some far-flung future where the devil has apparently been replaced by Things Even More Menacing.

So. Over the past 50 or so years, lack of attention to the fine details has slain many a wargame. I’m not talking egregious omissions here — nothing the scale, say, of leaving out a few rules pages or printing the hexgrid reference numbers in reverse order. I mean just those little things that seem to add up to wreck what otherwise would be an enjoyable game.

It doesn’t seem to me that Horus Heresy has any botched details that could come anywhere close to being game-killers. I’ve read a few bits and pieces of grumpery about the game around teh Intrarwebs, but most of it seems to be a sort of knee-jerk contrariness from people who can’t quite bring themselves to enjoy a game that anybody else might like.

Stacking in forts can be a challenge.

Stacking in forts can be a challenge.

Mind you, I’m not saying the game is perfect. There are several details in the package that fall a peg or two short of “excellent”, but none of it interferes with my enjoyment of the game. Big games can be genuinely difficult productions, even for the largest companies in the business. Still, here in the Swamp we don’t cut anybody slack. So here are some of my additional observations on a few items of interest.

The only thing so far that I’ve found truly aggravating during game play is the limited size of the “3-D” fortifications on the map. With only a few exceptions, most of the areas on the map are large enough to hold a “full load” of pieces (the stacking limit is 6 units in non-fortification areas). Unfortunately, this isn’t so with the molded plastic forts.

The stacking limit is reduced to only 3 units in fortifications, but even 3 pieces won’t fit in most of the forts. As you can see in the photo above, trying to neatly fit 3 combat units, a Hero and a defense laser into a plastic fort is pretty much Mission Impossible. So I end up just sort of jumbling them into the fort like I tossed junk into my closet when I was a kid. It works, but it definitely puts a dent in the esthetics.

Going squinty to read the fine print.

Going squinty to read the fine print.

A more moderate challenge for me is reading the print on the smaller cards in the game. Dudes, I’m an old fart. The print on those half-sized Order and Bombardment cards is a real chore to read.

On the positive side, the full-sized cards aren’t nearly as challenging to make out. And all of the cards are very well printed on a top-notch, plastic-coated stock. The production quality of all the cards is excellent; it’s just that those little half-sized suckers can be tough to read at times.

Since they are pretty much the central actors in the game, I suppose I should also offer a brief commentary on the game pieces. Like many Day One recipients of the game I was a little surprised at the smallish size of the pieces. Maybe I was expecting something the scale of Tide of Iron? I don’t know. All things considered, the scaling makes a lot of sense as I look at it now — but I’ll admit that a few weeks back I did have an initial “hmmmmm” moment.

The figures are all molded from a soft plastic that should probably help extend their life cycle. My only real concern is the sculpt of the Imperial Army pieces. These are the pieces that will get their bases swapped around most frequently, but the twin “Imperial Grunt” figures are sculpted with rather narrow feet and ankles. The softer plastic will, I hope, help me avoid yanking one of the little suckers in half. I would really hate to inflict a traumatic amputation on some of my Imperial Guardsmen.

Hold still Sarge, or I'll pull your legs off.

Hold still Sarge, or I'll pull your legs off.

I will note, however, that the ‘pins’ on the figures ALL fit into bases without any problems. I recall taking a conical pin file to a lot of my Tide of Iron bases in order to help the figures snap into place. I had no such problems assembling the pieces for Horus Heresy.

Like I said, minor nits. I’m having a lot of fun with Horus Heresy. Next time I think I’ll try to deliver a comprehensible overview of how combat works.